In manufacturing, quality control process ensures that customers receive defect free products that meet their needs. Missing quality control can even put consumers life at risk. Examples of such quality issues in airbags, disk brakes in vehicles have occurred in automobile industry. Artificial intelligence (AI) simulates human intelligence processes using machines, especially computer systems. Specific applications of AI include expert systems, speech/sound recognition and vision. These techniques in AI can be used for having systems which can ensure quality control in manufacturing.
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Soft sensors are inferential estimators which draw conclusions from process observations when hardware sensors are unavailable or unsuitable. They also have an important auxiliary role in sensor validation as a digital twin which helps when performance declines through senescence or fault accumulation. Many of the non-linear behavior exhibited by industrial processes can be usefully modelled using the techniques of Artificial Intelligence. Soft Sensors for Monitoring and Control of Industrial Processes can help building of digital twins as well as filling in the gap where hardware sensors cannot be used.
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Diagnostic imaging is an important area of medical science. Devices such as x-rays, CAT scans are regularly used for diagnosing and analysis of complicated diseases. Radiologists, who manage an ever-growing body of complex medical knowledge, are beginning to employ artificial intelligence (AI) techniques that allow computers to emulate human faculties such as perception and reasoning in the task of diagnosing diseases. Several factors account for the great potential of AI to contribute to improved radiological diagnosis.
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Predictive maintenance is a way to minimize both failures and maintenance work, while maximizing machinery and component lifetime. Predictive maintenance relies on “condition-monitoring” to provide data about the current performance of the machine, in order to predict issues and prevent failures. A solution that performs predictive maintenance in High Temperature Process Infrastructure in Industries like Petro-chemical, Manufacturing, Energy etc. could be very useful.
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Chemical/Gas sensors play a major role in detection of toxic chemicals/gases. These sensors help determine the concentration of various gases in the atmosphere — carbon dioxide, methane, and others. These are the sensors used in the Internet of Things systems largely by manufacturers, hospitals, oil and gas expects and lab facility managers. These sensors find wide use in defence, healthcare, manufacturing, at homes and facilities handling toxic chemicals. A soft/hard-ware based solutions for detecting toxicity will be very useful.
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While UAVs are specifically unmanned vehicles, drones need not be so. A UAV / Drone solution could be designed where the applications could range from defence to item delivery.
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With smart lockers holding rental equipment (such as umbrella, smart transportation systems) which are available for rent at various points in the city, an integrated IoT solution for rental and return of these items would be useful. The rental item could be picked up and dropped at any locker point anywhere within the city. A rental item can be availed from a smart locker/kiosk by scanning a QR code on the smartphone which automatically deducts a deposit amount from the user. On return of the rental item, the specified rental amount for the duration of usage would be deducted and then the rest of the deposit amount returned to the user.
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A Farming Bot, which can plant the crops and even monitor them periodically, especially in mountainous terrain can be designed. It can be used for parallel farming for starting and then can be scaled for large acres of farms. It will help in plantation of different kind of crops by understanding the soil characteristics with facilities for remote operations.
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An AI- enabled IOT system which provides real-time information regarding any threats to citizens. For example, detecting unusual movement of vehicles or unidentified people in restricted locations, detecting suspicious material that are typically buried below ground. In order to reduce unforeseen damages during transports of mission critical items, frequent surveillance of the high-risk route is required especially in places where essential service vehicles are driven quite often.  AI in combination with IOT can improve the ability of the system to identify the position of the target followed by their tracking. Also, Intelligent systems can be built which will do automatic graphical analysis. Sensors embedded in security personnels' uniforms and helmets can send information to a command center about the physical conditions of those people, especially the operations during natural disasters, monitoring of critical international events etc.
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Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) has been applied in many applications to detect various materials in various applications such as metals, alloys, paints and coating, polymers, organic components, etc. For example, this methodology can be used to detect oil contaminants present in sheet metals. Oil treatment is an essential step in the case of steel plates that forms sheet metals as steel can form rust. The formed metal plates then undergo cutting, bending, welding, and forming, etc. For the further use of these steel plates, the oil layer along with other contaminants has to be cleaned completely. An IoT device can be designed to detect the contaminants.
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